四级英语写作之论说文

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大学英语四级作文是衡量学生英语综合水平和应用能力的一个重要指标，也是大学四级考试的一个重要内容。
　　综合历年的大学英语四级考试写作部分的真题，常见题型包括论说文，应用文和图表作文，这一期专门介绍最常考的论说文。我们不难发现常考的写作类型主要有三种，即问题解决型，现象阐释型和观点对比型。接下来北京四级专家赵子凌来给大家一一介绍这三种不同写作类型的解题过程。
　　一．问题解决型
　　特征：How , “如何”在中英文提示中出现
　　此类写作的特点是出题者抛出了一个有待解决的问题，需要考生把写作的重点放在如何解决问题之上。因此，考生在首段提出问题，扩展段分析问题之后，需要在末段把问题产生的原因和解决的策略结合起来，给出切实有效的解决方法；在列举解决措施的时候需要通过firstly, secondly和finally这样的逻辑连接词来确保文章的连贯性和条理性，从而使整个论证结构有理有据，紧凑有序。
　　For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How should parents help children to be independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.
　　1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
　　2.为了让孩子独立，父母应该......（2010.12）
　　解析步骤：
　　审题：根据题目中的中英文提示，我们可以判断出此文为一篇典型的论说文，话题也是考生比较熟悉的日常生活中的热点话题。根据标题中的“HOW”，和中文提示中的“父母应该如何做？”可以判断出此文为问题解决型的文章。
　　提纲：
　　1. 提出问题：简要阐述孩子对父母的依赖性这一问题。
　　2. 分析问题：分析该问题带来的后果。
　　3. 解决问题：明确的给出解决该问题的策略。
　　范文：
　　How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?
　　It is reasonable that children are always considered as the apple of parents' eyes, which is particularly true in modern families with an only child. However, many parents go so far as to arrange everything for their children, including their daily life, their studies and even their future.
　　Parents' excessive intervention to the things that should be done by the children themselves may result in many negative effects. Firstly, the children become seriously dependent on their parents so that they cannot deal with matters by themselves. Secondly, they cannot understand the hardships of the life and endure the frustration that is inevitable in people's life. What's more, when they grow up, they cannot undertake their social responsibilities.